1. 常用Shell脚本

  1. 根据PID过滤进程所有信息

    #! /bin/bash
    # Function: 根据用户输入的PID,过滤出该PID所有的信息
    read -p "请输入要查询的PID: " P
    n=`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $11}'|wc -l`
    if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
     echo "该PID不存在!!"
     exit
    fi
    echo "--------------------------------"
    echo "进程PID: $P"
    echo "进程命令:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $11}'`"
    echo "进程所属用户: `ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $1}'`"
    echo "CPU占用率:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $3}'`%"
    echo "内存占用率:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $4}'`%"
    echo "进程开始运行的时刻:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $9}'`"
    echo "进程运行的时间:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $10}'`"
    echo "进程状态:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $8}'`"
    echo "进程虚拟内存:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $5}'`"
    echo "进程共享内存:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $6}'`"
    echo "--------------------------------"
    
  2. 根据进程名过滤进程信息

    #! /bin/bash
    # Function: 根据输入的程序的名字过滤出所对应的PID,并显示出详细信息,如果有几个PID,则全部显示
    read -p "请输入要查询的进程名:" NAME
    N=`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | wc -l` ##统计进程总数
    if [ $N -le 0 ];then
      echo "该进程名没有运行!"
    fi
    i=1
    while [ $N -gt 0 ]
    do
      echo "进程PID: `ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $2}'`"
      echo "进程命令:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $11}'`"
      echo "进程所属用户: `ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $1}'`"
      echo "CPU占用率:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $3}'`%"
      echo "内存占用率:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $4}'`%"
      echo "进程开始运行的时刻:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $9}'`"
      echo "进程运行的时间:` ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $11}'`"
      echo "进程状态:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $8}'`"
      echo "进程虚拟内存:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $5}'`"
      echo "进程共享内存:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $6}'`"
      echo "***************************************************************"
      let N-- i++
    done
    
  3. 根据用户名查询该用户的相关信息

    #! /bin/bash
    # Function:根据用户名查询该用户的所有信息
    read -p "请输入要查询的用户名:" A
    echo "------------------------------"
    n=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}' | wc -l`
    if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
    echo "该用户不存在"
    echo "------------------------------"
    else
      echo "该用户的用户名:$A"
      echo "该用户的UID:`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $3}'`"
      echo "该用户的组为:`id $A | awk {'print $3'}`"
      echo "该用户的GID为:`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $4}'`"
      echo "该用户的家目录为:`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $6}'`"
      Login=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $7}'`
      if [ $Login == "/bin/bash" ];then
      echo "该用户有登录系统的权限!!"
      echo "------------------------------"
      elif [ $Login == "/sbin/nologin" ];then
      echo "该用户没有登录系统的权限!!"
      echo "------------------------------"
      fi
    fi
    
  4. 加固系统的一些配置

    #! /bin/bash
    # Function:对账户的密码的一些加固
    read -p "设置密码最多可多少天不修改:" A
    read -p "设置密码修改之间最小的天数:" B
    read -p "设置密码最短的长度:" C
    read -p "设置密码失效前多少天通知用户:" D
    sed -i '/^PASS_MAX_DAYS/c\PASS_MAX_DAYS '$A'' /etc/login.defs
    sed -i '/^PASS_MIN_DAYS/c\PASS_MIN_DAYS '$B'' /etc/login.defs
    sed -i '/^PASS_MIN_LEN/c\PASS_MIN_LEN '$C'' /etc/login.defs
    sed -i '/^PASS_WARN_AGE/c\PASS_WARN_AGE '$D'' /etc/login.defs
    
    echo "已对密码进行加固,新用户不得和旧密码相同,且新密码必须同时包含数字、小写字母,大写字母!!"
    sed -i '/pam_pwquality.so/c\password requisite pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type= difok=1 minlen=8 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 dcredit=-1' /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    
    echo "已对密码进行加固,如果输入错误密码超过3次,则锁定账户!!"
    n=`cat /etc/pam.d/sshd | grep "auth required pam_tally2.so "|wc -l`
    if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
    sed -i '/%PAM-1.0/a\auth required pam_tally2.so deny=3 unlock_time=150 even_deny_root root_unlock_time300' /etc/pam.d/sshd
    fi
    
    echo  "已设置禁止root用户远程登录!!"
    sed -i '/PermitRootLogin/c\PermitRootLogin no'  /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    
    read -p "设置历史命令保存条数:" E
    read -p "设置账户自动注销时间:" F
    sed -i '/^HISTSIZE/c\HISTSIZE='$E'' /etc/profile
    sed -i '/^HISTSIZE/a\TMOUT='$F'' /etc/profile
    
    echo "已设置只允许wheel组的用户可以使用su命令切换到root用户!"
    sed -i '/pam_wheel.so use_uid/c\auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid ' /etc/pam.d/su
    n=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep SU_WHEEL_ONLY | wc -l`
    if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
    echo SU_WHEEL_ONLY yes >> /etc/login.defs
    fi
    
    echo "即将对系统中的账户进行检查...."
    echo "系统中有登录权限的用户有:"
    awk -F: '($7=="/bin/bash"){print $1}' /etc/passwd
    echo "********************************************"
    echo "系统中UID=0的用户有:"
    awk -F: '($3=="0"){print $1}' /etc/passwd
    echo "********************************************"
    N=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|wc -l`
    echo "系统中空密码用户有:$N"
    if [ $N -eq 0 ];then
     echo "恭喜你,系统中无空密码用户!!"
     echo "********************************************"
    else
     i=1
     while [ $N -gt 0 ]
     do
        None=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|awk 'NR=='$i'{print}'`
        echo "------------------------"
        echo $None
        echo "必须为空用户设置密码!!"
        passwd $None
        let N--
     done
     M=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|wc -l`
     if [ $M -eq 0 ];then
      echo "恭喜,系统中已经没有空密码用户了!"
     else
    echo "系统中还存在空密码用户:$M"
     fi
    fi
    
    echo "即将对系统中重要文件进行锁定,锁定后将无法添加删除用户和组"
    read -p "警告:此脚本运行后将无法添加删除用户和组!!确定输入Y,取消输入N;Y/N:" i
    case $i in
          [Y,y])
                chattr +i /etc/passwd
                chattr +i /etc/shadow
                chattr +i /etc/group
                chattr +i /etc/gshadow
                echo "锁定成功!"
    ;;
          [N,n])
                chattr -i /etc/passwd
                chattr -i /etc/shadow
                chattr -i /etc/group
                chattr -i /etc/gshadow
                echo "取消锁定成功!!"
    ;;
           *)
                echo "请输入Y/y or N/n"
    esac
    
  5. 实现磁盘分区

    #! /bin/bash
    # Function:对硬盘进行分区,得到一个标准的linux文件系统(ext4/xfs)的主分区
    cat /proc/partitions > old
    read -p "请输入你要分区的硬盘(写绝对路径,如:/dev/sda):" A
    if [ -e $A ];then
      echo "true"
    else
      echo "该设备不存在!!"
      exit
    fi
    read -p "请输入你要创建的磁盘分区类型(这里只能是主分区,默认按回车即可):" B
    read -p "请输入分区数字,范围1-4,默认从1开始,默认按回车即可:" C
    read -p "请输入扇区起始表号,默认按回车即可:" D
    read -p "请输入你要分区的分区大小(格式:如 +5G ):" E
    fdisk $A << EOF
    n
    p
    $C
    $D
    $E
    w
    EOF
    echo "一个标准的linux文件系统的分区已经建立好!!"
    partprobe $A
    echo "-------------------------------"
    cat /proc/partitions
    cat /proc/partitions > new
    F=`diff new old | grep "<" | awk '{print $5}'`
    echo "-------------------------------"
    echo $F
    echo "你想对新分区设定什么类型的文件系统?有以下选项:"
    echo "A:ext4文件系统"
    echo "B:xfs文件系统"
    read -p "请输入你的选择:" G
    case $G in
            a|A)
               mkfs.ext4 /dev/$F
               echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" 
               m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l`
               if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
                mkdir /mnt/$F
               fi
               n=`cat /etc/fstab | grep /dev/$F| wc -l`
               if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
                  echo "/dev/$F     /mnt/$F     ext4         defaults          0      0" >> /etc/fstab
               else
                  sed -i '/^\/dev\/$F/c\/dev/$F     /mnt/$F     ext4         defaults          0      0' /etc/fstab
               fi
               mount -a
               df -Th
    ;;
            b|B)
               mkfs.xfs -f /dev/$F
               echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" 
               m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l`
               if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
                  mkdir /mnt/$F
               fi
               n=`cat /etc/fstab | grep /dev/$F | wc -l`
               if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
                  echo "/dev/$F     /mnt/$F      xfs       defaults          0      0" >> /etc/fstab
               else
                  sed -i '/^\/dev\/$F/c\/dev/$F     /mnt/$F     xfs         defaults          0      0' /etc/fstab
               fi
               mount -a
               df -Th
    ;;
            *)
               echo "你的输入有误!!"
    esac
    
  6. 使用一整块硬盘创建逻辑卷

    #!/bin/bash
    # Function:使用一整块硬盘创建LVM逻辑卷
    read -p "请输入你要做成逻辑卷的硬盘(写绝对路径,如:/dev/sda):" path
    if [ -e $path ];then
      echo "true"
    else
      echo "该设备不存在!!"
      exit
    fi
    pvcreate $path
    echo "该硬盘已做成物理卷!"
    vgcreate myvg $path
    echo "该物理卷已加入卷组 myvg 中"
    vgs
    free=`vgs| awk '$1~/myvg/{print}'|awk '{print $6}'`
    echo "该物理卷剩余的空间大小为:$free "
    read -p "请输入你要创建逻辑卷的大小(如:1G):" repy2
    lvcreate -L $repy2 -n mylv myvg
    echo "已成功创建逻辑卷mylv"
    echo "------------------------"
    lvs
    echo "------------------------"
    echo "你想对新分区设定什么类型的文件系统?有以下选项:"
    echo "A:ext4文件系统"
    echo "B:xfs文件系统"
    read -p "请输入你的选择:" repy3
    case $repy3 in
            a|A)
               mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv
               echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/mylv" 下" 
               m=`ls /mnt/|grep mylv | wc -l`
               if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
                mkdir /mnt/mylv
               fi
               echo "/dev/myvg/mylv     /mnt/mylv     ext4         defaults          0      0" >> /etc/fstab
               mount -a
               df -Th
    ;;
            b|B)
               mkfs.xfs -f /dev/myvg/mylv
               echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/mylv" 下" 
               m=`ls /mnt/|grep mylv | wc -l`
               if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
                  mkdir /mnt/mylv
               fi
               echo "/dev/myvg/mylv     /mnt/mylv      xfs       defaults          0      0" >> /etc/fstab
               mount -a
               df -Th
    ;;
            *)
               echo "你的输入有误!!"
    esac
    
  7. 将一块硬盘分区,然后分区设置为虚拟卷

    #! /bin/bash
    # Author:谢公子
    # Date:2018-10-13
    # Function:新建一个分区,并做成逻辑卷
    cat /proc/partitions > old
    read -p "请输入你要分区的硬盘(写绝对路径,如:/dev/sda):" A
    if [ -e $A ];then
      echo "true"
    else
      echo "该设备不存在!!"
      exit
    fi
    read -p "请输入你要创建的磁盘分区类型(这里只能是主分区,默认按回车即可):" B
    read -p "请输入分区数字,范围1-4,默认从1开始,默认按回车即可:" C
    read -p "请输入扇区起始表号,默认按回车即可:" D
    read -p "请输入你要分区的分区大小(格式:如 +5G ):" E
    read -p "请输入你要划分为逻辑卷的分区盘符(默认回车即可):" Z
    fdisk $A << EOF
    n
    p
    $C
    $D
    $E
    t
    $Z
    8e
    p
    w
    EOF
    echo "一个标准LVM的分区已经建立好!!"
    partprobe $A
    echo "-------------------------------"
    cat /proc/partitions
    cat /proc/partitions > new
    F=`diff new old | grep "<" | awk '{print $5}'`
    echo "-------------------------------"
    echo $F
    pvcreate /dev/$F
    echo "该硬盘已做成物理卷!"
    n=`vgs | grep myvg |wc -l`
    if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
       vgcreate myvg /dev/$F
       echo "该物理卷已加入卷组myvg中"
    else
       vgextend myvg /dev/$F
       echo  "该物理卷已加入卷组myvg中"
       vgs
       free=`vgs| awk '$1~/myvg/{print}'|awk '{print $7}'`
       echo "该卷组剩余的空间大小为:$free "
       lvs
       exit
    fi
    vgs
    free=`vgs| awk '$1~/myvg/{print}'|awk '{print $6}'`
    echo "该卷组剩余的空间大小为:$free "
    read -p "请输入你要创建逻辑卷的大小(如:1G):" repy2
    lvcreate -L $repy2 -n mylv myvg
    echo "已成功创建逻辑卷mylv"
    echo "------------------------"
    lvs
    echo "------------------------"
    echo "你想对新分区设定什么类型的文件系统?有以下选项:"
    echo "A:ext4文件系统"
    echo "B:xfs文件系统"
    read -p "请输入你的选择:" G
    case $G in
            a|A)
               mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv
               echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" 
               m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l`
               if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
                mkdir /mnt/$F
               fi
               echo "/dev/myvg/mylv     /mnt/$F     ext4         defaults          0      0" >> /etc/fstab
               mount -a
               df -Th
    ;;
            b|B)
               mkfs.xfs -f /dev/myvg/mylv
               echo "该分区将被挂载在 "/mnt/$F" 下" 
               m=`ls /mnt/|grep $F | wc -l`
               if [ $m -eq 0 ];then
                  mkdir /mnt/$F
               fi
               echo "/dev/myvg/mylv     /mnt/$F      xfs       defaults          0      0" >> /etc/fstab
               mount -a
               df -Th
    ;;
            *)
               echo "你的输入有误!!"
    esac
    
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